2月13日，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古东谈主类辩论所与福建省地质造访辩论院联接发布最新辩论服从：通过对福建省政和动物群发现的鸟类化石的辩论迪士尼彩乐园官网登录，发现人人最陈腐的鸟类之一——“政和八闽鸟”（Baminornis zhenghensis），亦然迄今唯独确凿的侏罗纪鸟类，揭示了当代鸟类的体型结构在侏罗纪晚期（距今1.5亿年）就还是出现。有关辩论服从北京时间2月13日在《当然》发表。
A set of fossils discovered in East China's Fujian province has been identified as the only known unambiguous record of Jurassic birds, pushing back the origin of birds to the late Middle Jurassic period and rewriting the history of avian evolution.
Jurassic /dʒʊˈræsɪk/ 侏罗纪的
avian /ˈeɪviən/ 鸟（类）的
“政和八闽鸟”和“政和动物群”生态还原图 图源：新华社
我国发现人人
最陈腐鸟类——政和八闽鸟
该化石于2023年11月在政和大溪盆地发现，经由长达一年的室内确立和辩论分析，辩论团队细则了该化石属于鸟类，并将其定名为政和八闽鸟。其属名“八闽”是福建的古称。
After a year of restoration and research, a joint team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Fujian Institute of Geological Survey confirmed that the set of fossils discovered in November 2023 in Daxi village of Fujian's Zhenghe county belong to a bird from the late Middle Jurassic period.
中国科学院古脊椎动物与古东谈主类辩论所辩论员、科学探索奖获奖东谈主王敏先容， 把柄一些体重的测算公式，能估算出八闽鸟的体重在150克左右，“和一些袖珍的鹦鹉大小比拟附近”。
\"After systematic research and comparison, the hypothesis was confirmed. The restored bird weighed over 150 grams, similar to a domesticated pet parrot,\" said Wang Min, a researcher from the CAS institute.
王敏先容，在总共化石标本地点的政和动物群，还发现了一些生涯在水里或水边的动物，比如像鱼类、龟鳖类，“我以为这代表的是近似于池沼的环境。”
The area of the fossil assemblage, characterized by swamps and wetlands, was home to a diverse array of species of fish, amphibians and reptiles, among others.
“政和八闽鸟”化石 图源：央视新闻）
固然化石不好意思满，然则它保存了好多首要信息。举例具有永别的肩胛骨和乌喙骨，腰带骨骼显泄露好多逾越的特征。其中最首要、最额外的地便捷是具有愈合的尾综骨，这是组成当代鸟类体型的基石。
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Its fossils display a unique combination of features including birdlike shoulder and pelvic girdles as well as a hand structure resembling that of nonavian dinosaurs, according to the CAS.
What makes the Baminornis unique is that it has a short tail that consists of the pygostyle, which is a key feature of the modern bird body plan,\" Wang said.
鸟类和其他爬活动物最显赫的区别便是鸟类的尾巴很短，不但尾椎数量减少，况兼终末几枚尾椎（vertebrae）愈合成尾综骨（pygostyle）结构，尾骨缩小是恐龙向鸟类演化中最绝对的花样变化之一。
One of the most significant differences between birds and reptiles is in their tails. Avian species have shorter tails with fewer tail vertebrae, and the last few vertebrae are fused into a structure called the pygostyle.
该发现将鸟类发源时间
推至中侏罗晚期
据了解，当前全寰宇最陈腐的鸟类，比拟公认的是德国发现的（The Archaeopteryx），它发当今侏罗纪时间，距今好像1.5亿年。连络词鼻祖鸟的分类位置近期受到质疑，部分辩论以为鼻祖鸟属于恐爪龙类，而非鸟类。
The Archaeopteryx, the fossils of which were first discovered around 1860, belonged to the Late Jurassic period and was once considered the earliest bird. However, its long tail and primitive features led some scientists to question its classification as a bird. Instead, they suggested that it belonged to a group of bird-like dinosaurs.
“政和八闽鸟”的发现初度揭示了当代鸟类的体型在侏罗纪就还是出现，并将鸟类发源时间推至中侏罗晚期，轻视1.72亿至1.64亿年前，是当前最确凿的且唯独的侏罗纪鸟类，极地面丰富了东谈主类对鸟类进化历史的意志。
除了八闽鸟化石除外，王敏请示的辩论团队还发现了一个单独保存的叉骨（furcula）。初步的辩论规矩自大，该叉骨显豁区别于政和八闽鸟，与出现于1.3亿年前白垩纪的今鸟型类尽头相通。这一发现阐发，至少两种鸟类生涯在政和动物群，若是将来能阐发该叉骨果真属至今鸟型类，那么鸟类发源的时间将会进一步提前。
The discovery of this furcula confirms that at least two species of birds lived in the Zhenghe Fauna. If the furcula indeed belongs to the ornithuromorpha, the origin of birds would be pushed back even further.
记者：闫东洁 胡好意思东
实习生：林向阳
起首：央视新闻 新华社 中国日报
